Oscillating Reed Switch Pulse Motor.

[Allen Burgess]

Nuclear Magnetic Resonace Pulse

@Bob Smith,

Thanks for the orthogonal lead, It helped me uncover these finds:

Look at the diagram on the left of the NMR. 1T is 90 degrees, and 2T is 180 degrees:

Next we see a flat upper primary winding on the perpendicular to the solenoid in Tesla's first radio broadcast transmitter:


Fig. 4 illustrates a flat-spiral Tesla winding (upper) as a primary winding at the center of a fine-wire-solenoid of thousands of turns as the secondary winding.

The connection between magnetic field vector and pulse timing in the NMR diagram below may help explain the mystery behind the Akula and Kapanadze induction coils.

[Allen Burgess]

Pulse length and intensity causing magnetization vector shift.

This is very highly illuminating for me:

The magnetization vector is moved by an angle proportional to the length and intensity of the pulse."Length and Intensity of Pulse" determines magnetization vector shift!

This pulse induced "Magnetic Vector Shift" can cause nested coils to transition from "Transformer" to "Generator" induction!

Take a close look at this diagram below:

[Allen Burgess]

Transformer and vector shift.

I read something over twenty years ago, I couldn't fully understand; I'm repeating now:

"Any ordinary transformer can be turned into an overunity generator with a primary input pulse of correct length and intensity".

All the input pulse needs is the correct frequency and amplitude to shift the magnetic vector 90 degrees to generate gain!

[Allen Burgess]

Larmor frequency and "Spin Flip"

These basics of MR physics help to explain the magnetic vector shift: It makes it really simple to understand using the example of the single proton of the Hydrogen atom on the left below; When the input frequency's higher then the nuclear spin rate in Hertz, the precessing proton flips over, like we see on the left and we get the magnetic vector shift at 90 degrees! The copper atom has 29 positively charged protons, they spin like planets, generate magnetic fields and have a precession angle like Earth:

Look at this video on the copper atom: I believe the Larmor frequency for the copper [Cu(CH3CN)4][ClO4] proton is approximately 106.062 megahertz in a magnet field of 1 Tesla strength.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O4lkxkbeo3s

[Allen Burgess]

Larmor frequencies

Chosen nuclei in the region of 0 to 440 MHz
at a field corresponding to 400 MHz proton frequency

Isotope Symbol Name Spin Natural
Abund. % Receptivity
(rel. to 13C) Magnetic
Moment Gamma
(x 10^7
rad/Ts) Quadrup.
Moment
Q/fm^2 Frequency Reference
191 Ir Iridium 3/2 37.30000 0.06412 0.19460 0.48120 81.60000 6.872
197 Au Gold 3/2 100.00000 0.16294 0.19127 0.47306 54.70000 6.916
235 U Uranium 7/2 0.72000 --- -0.43000 -0.52000 493.60000 7.366
193 Ir Iridium 3/2 62.70000 0.13765 0.21130 0.52270 75.10000 7.484
187 Os Osmium 1/2 1.96000 0.00143 0.11198 0.61929 --- 9.129 OsO4
179 Hf Hafnium 9/2 13.62000 0.43824 -0.70850 -0.68210 379.30000 10.068
41 K Potassium 3/2 6.73020 0.03341 0.27740 0.68607 7.11000 10.245 KCl
167 Er Erbium 7/2 22.93000 --- -0.63935 -0.77157 356.50000 11.520
155 Gd Gadolinium 3/2 14.80000 --- -0.33208 -0.82132 127.00000 12.280
103 Rh Rhodium 1/2 100.00000 0.18600 -0.15310 -0.84680 --- 12.746 Rh(acac)3 p
57 Fe Iron 1/2 2.11900 0.00425 0.15696 0.86806 --- 12.951 Fe(CO)5
145 Nd Neodymium 7/2 8.30000 --- -0.74400 -0.89800 -33.00000 13.440
161 Dy Dysprosium 5/2 18.91000 --- -0.56830 -0.92010 250.70000 13.760
149 Sm Samarium 7/2 13.82000 --- -0.76160 -0.91920 7.40000 13.760
73 Ge Germanium 9/2 7.73000 0.64118 -0.97229 -0.93603 -19.60000 13.953 (CH3)4Ge
83 Kr Krypton 9/2 11.49000 1.28235 -1.07311 -1.03310 25.90000 15.390 Kr
177 Hf Hafnium 7/2 18.60000 1.53529 0.89970 1.08600 336.50000 16.028
157 Gd Gadolinium 3/2 15.65000 --- -0.43540 -1.07690 135.00000 16.120
107 Ag Silver 1/2 51.83900 0.20500 -0.19690 -1.08892 --- 16.191 AgNO3
183 W Tungsten 1/2 14.31000 0.06310 0.20401 1.12824 --- 16.666 Na2WO4
147 Sm Samarium 7/2 14.99000 --- -0.92390 -1.11500 -25.90000 16.680
87 Sr Strontium 9/2 7.00000 1.11765 -1.20902 -1.16394 33.50000 17.335 SrCl2
105 Pd Palladium 5/2 22.33000 1.48824 -0.76000 -1.23000 66.00000 18.304 K2PdCl6
99 Ru Ruthenium 5/2 12.76000 0.84706 -0.75880 -1.22900 7.90000 18.421 K4[Ru(CN)6]
109 Ag Silver 1/2 48.16100 0.29000 -0.22636 -1.25186 --- 18.614 AgNO3
39 K Potassium 3/2 93.25810 2.80000 0.50543 1.25006 5.85000 18.665 KCl
163 Dy Dysprosium 5/2 24.90000 --- 0.79580 1.28900 264.80000 19.280
173 Yb Ytterbium 5/2 16.13000 --- -0.80446 -1.30250 280.00000 19.284
89 Y Yttrium 1/2 100.00000 0.70000 -0.23801 -1.31628 --- 19.601 Y(NO3)3
101 Ru Ruthenium 5/2 17.06000 1.59412 -0.85050 -1.37700 45.70000 20.645 K4[Ru(CN)6]
143 Nd Neodymium 7/2 12.20000 --- -1.20800 -1.45700 -63.00000 21.800
47 Ti Titanium 5/2 7.44000 0.91765 -0.93294 -1.51050 30.20000 22.550 TiCl4
49 Ti Titanium 7/2 5.41000 1.20588 -1.25201 -1.51095 24.70000 22.556 TiCl4
53 Cr Chromium 3/2 9.50100 0.50765 -0.61263 -1.51520 -15.00000 22.610 K2CrO4
40 K Potassium 4 0.01170 0.00360 -1.45132 -1.55429 -7.30000 23.208 KCl
25 Mg Magnesium 5/2 10.00000 1.57647 -1.01220 -1.63887 19.94000 24.487 MgCl2
67 Zn Zinc 5/2 4.10000 0.69412 1.03556 1.67669 15.00000 25.027 Zn(NO3)2
95 Mo Molybdenium 5/2 15.92000 3.06471 -1.08200 -1.75100 -2.20000 26.068 Na2MoO4
201 Hg Mercury 3/2 13.18000 1.15882 -0.72325 -1.78877 38.60000 26.446 (CH3)2HgD
97 Mo Molybdenium 5/2 9.55000 1.95882 -1.10500 -1.78800 25.50000 26.615 Na2MoO4
43 Ca Calcium 7/2 0.13500 0.05106 -1.49407 -1.80307 -4.08000 26.920 CaCl2
14 N Nitrogen 1 99.63200 5.88235 0.57100 1.93378 2.04400 28.905 CH3NO2
33 S Sulfur 3/2 0.76000 0.10118 0.83117 2.05568 -6.78000 30.704 (NH4)2SO4
189 Os Osmium 3/2 16.15000 2.32353 0.85197 2.10713 85.60000 31.062 OsO4
21 Ne Neon 3/2 0.27000 0.03912 -0.85438 -2.11308 10.15500 31.577 Ne
176 Lu Lutetium 7 2.59000 --- 3.38800 2.16840 497.00000 32.524
37 Cl Chlorine 3/2 24.22000 3.87647 0.88320 2.18437 -6.43500 32.623 NaCl
131 Xe Xenon 3/2 21.18000 3.50588 0.89319 2.20908 -11.40000 32.976 XeOF4
169 Tm Thulium 1/2 100.00000 --- -0.40110 -2.21800 --- 33.160
61 Ni Nickel 3/2 1.13990 0.24059 -0.96827 -2.39480 16.20000 35.744 Ni(CO)4
91 Zr Zirconium 5/2 11.22000 6.29412 -1.54246 -2.49743 -17.60000 37.185 Zr(C5H5)2Cl2
85 Rb Rubidium 5/2 72.17000 45.11765 1.60131 2.59271 27.60000 38.620 RbCl
35 Cl Chlorine 3/2 75.78000 21.05882 1.06103 2.62420 -8.16500 39.192 NaCl
135 Ba Barium 3/2 6.59200 1.94118 1.08178 2.67550 16.00000 39.738 BaCl2
50 V Vanadium 6 0.25000 0.81765 3.61376 2.67065 21.00000 39.881 VOCl3
15 N Nitrogen 1/2 0.36800 0.02250 -0.49050 -2.71262 --- 40.547 MeNO2
10 B Boron 3 19.90000 23.23529 2.07921 2.87468 8.45900 42.975 BF3.Et2O
153 Eu Europium 5/2 52.19000 --- 1.81390 2.93690 241.20000 43.920
137 Ba Barium 3/2 11.23200 4.62941 1.21013 2.99295 24.50000 44.452 BaCl2
175 Lu Lutetium 7/2 97.41000 --- 2.53160 3.05520 349.00000 45.616
181 Ta Tantalum 7/2 99.98800 220.00000 2.68790 3.24380 317.00000 47.958 KTaCl6
123 Sb Antimony 7/2 42.79000 117.05882 2.89120 3.48920 -49.00000 51.837 KSbCl6
133 Cs Cesium 7/2 100.00000 284.70588 2.92774 3.53325 -0.34300 52.465 CsNO3
138 La Lanthanum 5 0.09000 0.49765 4.06809 3.55724 45.00000 52.777 LaCl3
17 O Oxygen 5/2 0.03800 0.06529 -2.24077 -3.62808 -2.55800 54.226 D2O
9 Be Beryllium 3/2 100.00000 81.76471 -1.52014 -3.75967 5.28800 56.207 BeSO4
139 La Lanthanum 7/2 99.91000 355.88235 3.15568 3.80833 20.00000 56.503 LaCl3
6 Li Lithium 1 7.59000 3.79412 1.16256 3.93717 -0.08080 58.864 LiCl
2 H Deuterium 1 0.01150 0.00653 1.21260 4.10663 0.28600 61.402 (CD3)4Si
209 Bi Bismuth 9/2 100.00000 847.05882 4.54440 4.37500 -51.60000 64.277 Bi(NO3)2
75 As Arsenic 3/2 100.00000 149.41176 1.85835 4.59616 31.40000 68.490 NaAsF6
171 Yb Ytterbium 1/2 14.28000 --- 0.85506 4.72880 --- 69.997
199 Hg Mercury 1/2 16.87000 5.89000 0.87622 4.84579 --- 71.643 Me2Hgr
77 Se Selenium 1/2 7.63000 3.15000 0.92678 5.12539 --- 76.286 Me2Se
29 Si Silicon 1/2 4.68320 2.16000 -0.96179 -5.31900 --- 79.469 Me4Si
127 I Iodine 5/2 100.00000 561.17647 3.32871 5.38957 -71.00000 80.030 KI
207 Pb Lead 1/2 22.10000 11.80000 1.00906 5.58046 --- 83.682 Me4Pb
111 Cd Cadmium 1/2 12.80000 7.27000 -1.03037 -5.69831 --- 84.862 Me2Cd
165 Ho Holmium 7/2 100.00000 --- 4.73200 5.71000 358.00000 85.360
195 Pt Platinum 1/2 33.83200 20.70000 1.05570 5.83850 --- 85.987 Na2PtCl6
113 In Indium 9/2 4.29000 88.82353 6.11240 5.88450 79.90000 87.463 In(NO3)3
115 In Indium 9/2 95.71000 1988.23529 6.12560 5.89720 81.00000 87.651 In(NO3)3
113 Cd Cadmium 1/2 12.22000 7.94000 -1.07786 -5.96092 --- 88.773 Me2Cd
99 Tc Technetium 9/2 0.00000 --- 6.28100 6.04600 -12.90000 90.033 NH4TcO4
185 Re Rhenium 5/2 37.40000 305.29412 3.77100 6.10570 218.00000 90.098 KReO4
187 Re Rhenium 5/2 62.60000 526.47059 3.80960 6.16820 207.00000 91.006 KReO4
59 Co Cobalt 7/2 100.00000 1635.29412 5.24700 6.33200 42.00000 94.908 K3[Co(CN)6]
121 Sb Antimony 5/2 57.21000 548.82353 3.97960 6.44350 -36.00000 95.722 KSbCl6
69 Ga Gallium 3/2 60.10800 246.47059 2.60340 6.43886 17.10000 96.005 Ga(NO3)3
159 Tb Terbium 3/2 100.00000 --- 2.60000 6.43100 143.20000 96.160
45 Sc Scandium 7/2 100.00000 1776.47059 5.39335 6.50880 -22.00000 97.167 Sc(NO3)3
93 Nb Niobium 9/2 100.00000 2870.58824 6.82170 6.56740 -32.00000 97.905 K[NbCl6]
55 Mn Manganese 5/2 100.00000 1052.94118 4.10424 6.64525 33.00000 99.157 KMnO4
151 Eu Europium 5/2 47.81000 --- 4.10780 6.65100 90.30000 99.440
79 Br Bromine 3/2 50.69000 237.05882 2.71935 6.72562 31.30000 100.216 NaBr
13 C Carbon 1/2 1.07000 1.00000 1.21661 6.72828 --- 100.580 Me4Si
27 Al Aluminum 5/2 100.00000 1217.64706 4.30869 6.97627 14.66000 104.227 Al(NO3)3
123 Te Tellurium 1/2 0.89000 0.96100 -1.27643 -7.05910 --- 104.679 Me2Te
51 V Vanadium 7/2 99.75000 2252.94118 5.83808 7.04551 -5.20000 105.212 VOCl3
23 Na Sodium 3/2 100.00000 545.29412 2.86298 7.08085 10.40000 105.808 NaCl

63 Cu Copper 3/2 69.17000 382.35294 2.87549 7.11179 -22.00000 106.062 [Cu(CH3CN)4][ClO4]

81 Br Bromine 3/2 49.31000 288.82353 2.93128 7.24978 26.20000 108.026 NaBr
129 Xe Xenon 1/2 26.44000 33.60000 -1.34749 -7.45210 --- 111.241 XeOF4
65 Cu Copper 3/2 30.83000 208.23529 3.07465 7.60435 -20.40000 113.615 [Cu(CH3CN)4][ClO4]
71 Ga Gallium 3/2 39.89200 335.88235 3.30787 8.18117 10.70000 121.987 Ga(NO3)3
141 Pr Praseodymium 5/2 100.00000 --- 5.05870 8.19070 -5.89000 122.480
125 Te Tellurium 1/2 7.07000 13.40000 -1.53894 -8.51084 --- 126.199 Me2Te
11 B Boron 3/2 80.10000 776.47059 3.47103 8.58470 4.05900 128.336 BF3.Et2O
115 Sn Tin 1/2 0.34000 0.71100 -1.59150 -8.80130 --- 130.875 Me4Sn
87 Rb Rubidium 3/2 27.83000 290.00000 3.55258 8.78640 13.35000 130.882 RbCl
117 Sn Tin 1/2 7.68000 20.80000 -1.73385 -9.58879 --- 142.529 Me4Sn
119 Sn Tin 1/2 8.59000 26.60000 -1.81394 -10.03170 --- 149.163 Me4Sn
7 Li Lithium 3/2 92.41000 1594.11765 4.20408 10.39770 -4.01000 155.455 LiCl
31 P Phosphorus 1/2 100.00000 391.00000 1.95999 10.83940 --- 161.923 H3PO4
203 Tl Thallium 1/2 29.52400 340.00000 2.80983 15.53933 --- 228.493 Tl(NO3)3
205 Tl Thallium 1/2 70.47600 836.00000 2.83747 15.69218 --- 230.735 Tl(NO3)3
3 He Helium 1/2 0.00014 0.00356 -3.68515 -20.38016 --- 304.718 He
19 F Fluorine 1/2 100.00000 4900.00000 4.55333 25.18148 --- 376.376 CCl3F
1 H Hydrogen 1/2 99.98850 5870.00000 4.83735 26.75221 --- 400.000 Me4Si
3 H Tritium 1/2 0.00000 --- 5.15971 28.53498 --- 426.656 Me4Si-t1

Links to NMR Periodic Tables and NMR frequency listings

[Bob Smith]

I read something over twenty years ago, I couldn't fully understand; I'm repeating now:

"Any ordinary transformer can be turned into an overunity generator with a primary input pulse of correct length and intensity".

All the input pulse needs is the correct frequency and amplitude to shift the magnetic vector 90 degrees to generate gain!

I think I understand your point here, Allen, if read in the context of all your posts leading to this one. One thing that strikes me is the notion of a multi stranded (Litz wire) primary, as you elaborated a few posts back. When we pulse wire strands in parallel, the amperage will multiply. This would mean a larger magnetic pulse, which in turn should produce a larger longitudinal (perpendicular) impulse.

I think the genius of the TPU involved this very point. If a small pulse could be collected from the ambient medium in a cap and discharged into a multi-stranded wire, then we'd have a multiplied magnetic pulse and accompanying longitudinal impulse for collection. I would think that in this way, the TPU would be do-able without any input other than what the ambient might supply.

I can get into more specifics, but will await your comment. I don't want to lead your thread off course. Enjoying your posts.
Bob

[Allen Burgess]

Electrodes.

@Bob Smith,

The "Litz bundle" would need to solder to a copper disk electrode on the ends for even current distribution. (pictured below):

The HV D.C. pulse input needs an adjustable spark gap to reach or exceed the Larmor proton "Spin Flip" frequency in the megahertz range for the magnetic vector shift; (Hyper-Physics). The spark gap electrode would need to solder to the center of the copper disk.

Those are the two additions; The "Spark Gap" electrode, soldered to the center of the copper disk and the other side of the copper disk soldered to the clean ends of the "Litz bundle".

[Allen Burgess]

Frequency meter.

A digital inductance and frequency meter would go a long way towards maximizing output. It's important there's no secondary sparking, and that the frequency's controlled by the main spark gap adjustment alone.

Measuring the primary coil inductance would permit the operator to tailor a capacitor to quench the gap and lock in an LC resonant frequency around 106 Mhz. An "Earth Ground" would also help to stabilize the circuit frequency.

We're basically broadcasting an F.M. radio frequency into the primary! This causes the magnetic "Vector Shift" of the oscillating field that generates output in the orthogonal windings at the correct angle. The output coil is really a receiving antenna.

Something like the one below:

$15.50

"SmartLAB SMLAB-1 is a perfect measuring instrument that RF designers have been waiting for many years. SMLAB-1 is an exceptional device, it includes precise high frequency capacitance and inductance meter, RF frequency meter, functional generator and dual output impulse generator".

[Bob Smith]

I can't help but think about your quadfilar setup with the diode and cap. Is there any way to get that setup to function in a similar way?
- Kind of like an ambient-driven proof of concept.
I'm thinking that the right sized cap to match the frequency of the quadfilar could get it to resonate as an LC circuit at the proper frequency as you describe above.

The one question that nags me is how to get the cap to discharge.
Is it possible that a zener diode across the cap might do enable this to happen when a proper voltage is achieved in the cap.

What do you think?
Bob

[Allen Burgess]

Output.

@Bob Smith,

Pulsing one side of the quadfilar with square wave D.C. generated A.C. current in the other bifilar.

There's a difference between "Transformer Induction" and "Generator Induction". When we double the secondary windings in a transformer, the voltage doubles; When we double the output windings on a magnet generator coil we double the amperage.

The magnetic vector shift transitions the "Transformer Induction" to "Generator Induction" and generates an A.C. sine wave; That's why you see Steve Mark, Akula, Kapanadze etc, powering high amp A.C. incandescent bulbs directly from their TPU windings.

Planning the power to match a specific output load in advance solves alot of problems. Once the output's rectified through a half wave diode and cap or full wave bridge rectifier, we're set up to loop back to source. A Zener diode with the correct voltage setting would work well to replenish a D.C power source.

A seperate magnet wire ouput winding would probably work best to charge the source cap with rectified loop current regulated by the Zener.

[Bob Smith]

Thanks for that clarification, Allen.
Bob

[Allen Burgess]

1/4 wavelength for spin flip.

The 1/4 wavelength for the Larmor proton spin flip frequency (for copper of 106.064 Mhz) is nearly 28 inches. This just so happens to be the length of an F.M. radio antenna and coincidently the exact length of wire I selected for my HV magnet vector test. The flip frequency is an F.M. signal.

The D.C. converter spark will generate every frequency in the spectrum. It's clear at this point that the HV electrode can filter out isolate and collect the Larmor vector shifting proton spin flip frequency for copper simply by cutting it to the 28" length of an F.M. receiving antenna.

[Allen Burgess]

Akula's Hendershot.

Look at the vertical "Antennas" on the basket weave reciever on the left in this video linked below: 1/16 wave length for copper vector shift is 7 inches. The white wire windings are orthagonal: Is this a coincidence? Lester Hendershot had the advantage of all of Larmor's theories. That would make the magnet coils on the bottem F.M. frequency oscillating broadcast transmitters. Remember; Number of antennas has no effect on the broadcast beacon!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sPAz8aR1Ylg

[Allen Burgess]

Hartley oscillator.

Tying the thread topic in; The oscillating Reed switch in the pulse motor plays the same trick on the bifilar power coil as Akula's Hartley oscillator does in his Hendershot generator.

Akula's two fixed inductors and single capacitor can easily reach the "Magnetic Vector Shifting" Larmor spin flip frequency for copper of 106 Mhz as a Hartley oscillator, clearly visable at the base of his apparatus in his video:

"The distinguishing feature of the Hartley oscillator is that the tuned circuit consists of a single capacitor in parallel with two inductors in series (or a single tapped inductor), and the feedback signal needed for oscillation is taken from the center connection of the two inductors".

"Either a tapped coil or two fixed inductors are needed, and very few other components".

A schematic from Hartley's original patent below:

[Allen Burgess]

Magnet core and variable inductance

There are two ways to tune the Hartley LC tank; One is to adjust a variable capacitor, and the other to adjust a variable inductor.

Variable inductors are tunable with a ferrite core that slides in and out of the coil core, and also by altering core saturation with magnets as seen in the Reed switch oscillator schematic below. Increasing the ferrite core saturation with magnets has the same effect as withdrawing the ferrite from the coil core.

We see Akula tuning the fixed inductors by holding a magnet to the ferrite cores. This reduces the inductance and raises the LC tank resonant frequency, like tuning a variable capacitor would.