Originally Posted by garrettm4

Dave,

What I find very interesting in your demonstration, is that the MMF waveform, during the "spike portion", is always in opposition of the applied EMF, that would imply that you are having a reversal in the power factor or a PF of +1 abruptly changing to a PF of -1 during a portion of the waveform period, presumably during the modulation of inductance from the MagAmp. Yes, the power factor is changing from +1 to a - 1. If you integrated the Ei waves, you would see that there is approximately the same amount of energy occurring in the positive region as well as the negative region. Since there is real power being dissipated as heat in the resistor, I believe that the resistive element, R, and the receptive element, H, are of equal magnitude and opposite polarity, thus delivering real power while the circuit looks like a +j reactive circuit with a PF of zero. That of course is if the probes are connected correctly, if you were to flip the orientation of the oscilloscope probes it would invert the waveform. The probes are connected so that when the magamp modulation is ceased, the current is shown to lag the EMF or it is shifted towards the right side of the CRT BUT it would seem that the MMF, before the modulation of inductance takes place, going through the 1.5ohm resistor is mostly in phase with the EMF with a slight phase shift from the small relative inductance of state L0, this would imply that the probes are connected properly. An interesting experiment to perform, would be to try to remove work from the system, by modulating to a maximum inductance when MMF is at its lowest and reduce the inductance to a minimum when the MMF is at its maximum. This would show you that the circuit is working as well, but in a bizarre state of loss of work that is conventionally uncountable for. Something else to look for is the quantity of heating or cooling of the iron core of the MagAmp. I have yet to see any signs of consumption or the destruction of energy with no accompanying heat loss, but that is due to the fact that I am severely underfunded in my experiments and do not have wattmeters that need to exist in several places in the circuit. The cooling of the magamp would confirm some of the stuff that has been confusing me about John Bedini's claims.

I have a few questions if you would like to answer them. One, how are you modulating the inductance of the MagAmp, more specifically what type of waveform are you using and what is (if you want to divulge) the design of the MagAmp magnetic circuit structure. The magamp control winding is being modulated with the 2nd harmonic alternator's sine wave. In order to get any sort of effect, I had to bias the 3 legged core (Power windings wound in opposite direction on the outer legs and the control winding in the middle) with two large neodymium magnets. Otherwise, the power windings were seeing a minimum inductance four times per one time period of the primary frequency.

I might be able to lend some assistance in your design if your interested. Personally I have found a square wave control signal to be very UNNATURAL and to cause lots of EMI noise. Subsequently a sine wave gives much more natural power waveforms. I am not here to be a hero. I want to see a better future. Any advise that you can offer will be taken into account.

Furthermore the excerpts I posted of Jim Murray's 1990 & 1983 articles are VERY VERY important to read. Convert all the mechanical analogies he gives to terms of electrical circuits and you will see some amazing insight into your experiment. Knowledge of calculus is highly recommended in grasping what he means by "constant", "linear" and "nonlinear", remember there are always two plots, differentiation and integration, the relationship of the two is what he is referring to. I have always felt that the Veljko Milkovic 2 stage mechanical oscillator was indeed a mechanical analog of successful energy amplification via parameter variation. I tried to look into Jim Murry once but the page didn't load correctly so I got distracted by something else. I'll look into it.

Originally Posted by garrettm4

For some more fun reads on the subject (via HathiTrust) check out:

Self-Saturating Magnetic Amplifiers 1960 by Gordon E. Lynn

Magnetic Amplifiers, Theory and Application 1958 by Sidney Platt

Originally Posted by lamare

If these interesting effects indeed have something to do with inter-turn voltage differences, then this could be very useful in parametric variation machines, because the bifilar windings can be switched from series to parallel at will. In series, you get additional inter-turn voltages, which you don't get when switched in parallel...

Originally Posted by garrettm4

Andrew,

Thank you for sharing your information on the subject. I have avoided the variable dielectric circuits due to my lacking in funds and resources, but what you have presented gives me much excitement to pursue that route.

You may have already thought of this, and some A-hole will probably steal this idea, but for the sake of discussion I will give a basic outline of the idea you gifted me with you demonstrations.

If one were to unite a variable magnetic storage element with the variable water-capacitor, and then drive them from an outside source as an LC tank, with the proper phasing of the control signals, you would have a very efficient and possibly over-unity hydrolysis system.

If both elements exhibit a negative resistance/conductance characteristic that is greater than the average natural logarithmic decrement, the resonant oscillations would continue to grow until a breakdown in the water capacitor occurred or some other non-linearity in the circuit limited the growth.

However, if you balanced the total systems exhibited negative resistance (from parameter change) with that of the water capacitors shunted conductance (water conductivity), you would have minimal power supplied from the source supply, except for the control signals and other system losses.

In principal, it would work like an LC tank that canceled its own internal resistance/conductance. However, in a practical situation, you would need a small amount of positive resistance in the system to limit the magnitude of the oscillation, because if there is no effective resistance in the system, the oscillation will continue to grow logarithmically until something failed.

Originally Posted by Armagdn03

YOU have it 100% Absolutely correct, and its being built right now, along with Michael John Nunnerly's 185 percent above Faraday system. Another approach was to use two water capacitors isolated from each other in terms of conductance through the water, so one discharges and changes the capacity of the other in a flip flop fashion. Introducing Mag amp as a parameter changing device would increase this further if the phasing is right as you alluded to previously. Problem is it is VERY difficult to get mag amp cores of any significant size from anywhere. I have contacted Hitatchi metals one of the larger distributors several times. told them everything about research and development, used my company name as a guise which is a huge company, and they were very excited to supply them...Then I never heard back, lol. Now they wont answer or return emails or phone calls from me.

Originally Posted by Armagdn03

...
Problem is it is VERY difficult to get mag amp cores of any significant size from anywhere. I have contacted Hitatchi metals one of the larger distributors several times. told them everything about research and development, used my company name as a guise which is a huge company, and they were very excited to supply them...Then I never heard back, lol. Now they wont answer or return emails or phone calls from me.

Originally Posted by Web000x

Yeah, I am starting to run into that problem too. Many of the emails that I send to the magamp core providers are never responded to...

Originally Posted by garrettm4

In the meanwhile, here's the first two pages of a book I have been reading regarding this general topic. While its oriented towards radio/microwave circuits, it is still definitely worth taking a look at.

Semiconductor-Diode Parametric Amplifiers 1961 by Lawrence A. Blackwell and Kenneth L. Kotzebue (compliments of HathiTrust)



For some more fun reads on the subject (via HathiTrust) check out:

Self-Saturating Magnetic Amplifiers 1960 by Gordon E. Lynn

Magnetic Amplifiers, Theory and Application 1958 by Sidney Platt

Originally Posted by Armagdn03

Hello again!
I contacted those guys first as they are a distributor for Hitatchi, but they referred me back to the parent company because all they had were very very small ones, for the larger ones I needed to go to the big guys, I got the run around for a very long time even though promising a possible purchase of over 10,000 which any salesman would jump on and send samples out for, even if I have to pay for the samples I would have done so.

P.S. Raui....

Regular MetGlass cores are not what we want. I have several of those which are very nice indeed, (over 200$ a core) but the deal is that they do not have the square B-H loop we are looking for. We want a very small input to wildly change the inductance of the core, these are almost like the mosfets of magnetism.

Originally Posted by Armagdn03

Hello again!
I contacted those guys first as they are a distributor for Hitatchi, but they referred me back to the parent company because all they had were very very small ones, for the larger ones I needed to go to the big guys, I got the run around for a very long time even though promising a possible purchase of over 10,000 which any salesman would jump on and send samples out for, even if I have to pay for the samples I would have done so.

P.S. Raui....

Regular MetGlass cores are not what we want. I have several of those which are very nice indeed, (over 200$ a core) but the deal is that they do not have the square B-H loop we are looking for. We want a very small input to wildly change the inductance of the core, these are almost like the mosfets of magnetism.

Originally Posted by Raui

I tried getting some custom metglas cores back at the start of the year when I had a bit of money to throw around and I never heard back so that makes 3 of us..dare call it conspiracy?

Originally Posted by Raui

I remember reading on their site that they had cores for magamps, are these not suitable? I just did another quick search and found that I was directed to hitachi about these "square loop" metglas cores although last time I could view the information directly from the methods site. Are these the same cores you were looking to buy from hitachi: MAGAMP Square Loop Cores : Amorophous Products : Hitachi Metals America
http://www.hitachimetals.com/product...magamp_opt.pdf

From the data sheet they seem to have a decent b/h loop. I know that any old core will not do but I thought these cores would be suitable?

Raui

Originally Posted by garrettm4

I was able to sample a core from MetGlas, this was before Hitachi took them over, and ironically the amorphous metal team were originally a division of Honeywell. I happen to know a guy who knows the guy who was over that division of Honeywell.

Strangely, the only saturable reactor sample, of which they were willing to send my way (paid sample or not), was a tiny little toroid; OD 25.658mm, ID 18.512mm, Ht 11.049mm. Which was of the amorphous alloy type 2714A, of which you can buy by the tape reel rather than the pre-wound toroids. (If I were to contact them again I would now ask for the tape reels as opposed to pre-wound cores. Thanes B Heinz seems to use the metal tape from these guys as well.)

The MP2410M4AS type 2714A alloy tape wound toroid, once received, was tested by myself to be fairly square and saturate quite easily. Cobalt based alloys seem to be superior to the nickle based alloys from what I have seen, low hysteresis losses and good squareness ratios.

Due to the small core I received, and the alloy used, it literally took milli-amps to effectively saturate the core, with the proper turn count or ampere-turn product. Important, you don't want the power winding to saturate the core for you! So for those who are going down this route (of using pre-made toroids), use the minimal ampere-turns tolerable for the power winding and as many cores as tolerable, connected in series or parallel. I have seen people stack multiple cores together as a single unit, which is another way to better utilize them. You want to run the reactor cores at about 70% or less of their saturation points on the power side and 100% on the control winding when its energized, this way the core actually looks like a stable inductance to the ac source when you aren't driving it.

Also, you may or may not need a non-saturable reactor in front of your saturable reactor, this is to limit the current in-rush from the end of the zero-crossing when the core is saturated, to the peak of the current node. The current magnitude allowed to flow through, when the reactor is saturated, is VERY important! This value needs to be LOWER than the saturating ampere-turn product or saturating current sheet value. As Dave has seen in his work, there is a sweet spot in setting the MAX current flow through the saturable reactor for excess energy return.

However there is no magic here, if the core remains saturated when the control winding is off (due to over current in the power winding), you obviously will get less than maximum energy back because there wasn't enough room to store the energy present let alone the energy the ferromagnetic material would have been able to impart from the artificial saturation by the control winding. So when designing a setup make ample room for the flux density of the power winding. This was something I found out the hard way, through much trial and error. So I hope this brief discussion helps someone achieve faster results and better success than what I was able to do.

I want to note, that with a mechanical parameter variation machine, built using standard grain oriented silicon steel, the operational characteristics are vastly different from a static satureable reactor using a cobalt or nickle alloy, don't confuse the two as to how they operate. Mr. Dollard has given a tour de force series of recent transmissions, "Law of Electro-Magnetic Induction", which in the latter parts describes the operational differences between the two distinct modes. Also, when employing higher flux densities, a mechanical unit might be more desirable than the static saturable reactor design, this from what I have seen on the bench. However, when operating at higher frequencies, the static saturable reactors are the better design. Each have their respective merits, so don't get hung up on one over the other.

One more thing, the Gorden E Lynn and Sydney Platt book references I gave, in a prior post, cover the static saturable reactor subject intimately. I highly suggest reading both of them before building a unit.

*On a side note, "ferro-electric capacitors" with a highly square hysteresis loop are the equivalent of a "dielectric magamp". The company that sold these parts in the USA signed an agreement with the USN (navy) that prevented them to sell any of their square loop ferro-electric capacitors to anyone but the USN. I don't want to say this is a conspiracy in the sense that people are being silenced, but realistically, AVAILABILITY is what's being regulated here. The same thing is seen with saturable reactors, the availability to customers is very limited and may most likely be under observation. Whereby the quantity sold and samples given by each company may have to be reported to some sort of "agency", what that hypothetical agency does with this information is beyond me. While I'm not in to conspiracies, it is interesting however, to see the correlations on the poor availability and also the possibilities these materials posses when used in an unorthodox manner, i.e. over-unity electrical systems.

Good Luck,
Garrett M

Originally Posted by gyula

Hi Andrew,

Would like to know what is advantage of using C cores i.e. having a small air gap between the two C shapes? Without splitting a toroidal core, the same principle would work in a much less desirable way?

Thanks,
Gyula

Originally Posted by Web000x

Gestalt might possibly have found the material source that will really bring the theme of this thread to life. Check out the BH curve of this material: