Mr Lester J Hendershot's magnetic generator.

[morpher44]

Tuned L-R-C

In basic electronics we learn that the most power can be obtained if your L-R-C circuit (or circuit equiv.) is resonant with whatever frequency your trying to do. For something like a mechanical buzzer, we are talking frequencies that are very low ... 20Hertz .. upwards to 120Hertz. Buzzers can't go much faster.

Further, Hendershot was able to power some household appliances w/o damaging them so his device must have be near 60Hz.

So as you work out your circuit, you want to impedance match that part of it that is low frequency.
I suppose there could be multiple oscillations across the spectrum ... harmonics ... which certainly happens in nature with many things.
But the buzzer thing is low frequency.

I just wanted to pass along that insight so that some of you don't waste time creating coils that are going to DAMPEN your results.
Think LARGE inductance here ... low resistance, LARGE capacitance... and practice safe-circuits with this stuff. Hendershot zapped himself silly many times.

[morpher44]

magnetic tuning...

this was fun too:

"Hendershot Fuelless Generator" - Relay Pulsing (Part 2) - YouTube

[morpher44]

Hendershot's Ideas....

Hi Graham and others.

I was fascinated by Lester Hendershot's Fuelless Generator, and learned that Mr. Hendershot had other clever gizmos as well.

We have to read up on him and see that he first:
* made a TOY plane that appeared to power itself (for his son)
* worked on a LARGER model that was demoed to dignitaries
including Charles A. Lindgergh.
* worked on many variants of his so-called Fuelless Generator.

These were NOT the same things ... but may have used some interesting principal that Hendershot found.

I was trying to break this down more simply and was inspired to do this:
Hendershot's Compass Discovery (more carefully done) - YouTube

Later, I did this which was fascinating:

Magnet - Compass - Solenoids (Hendershot Mystery) - YouTube

You have to realize that Hendershot was not attempting to make a generator. What he was attempting to improve upon was the so called "induction compass", a device used in planes to navigate. It had a crude meter than would tell you to turn left or right to stay on course. Air coming into a special pipe on the plane would SPIN a rotar and the EARTH's magnetic field would be used with a coil to induce a current. You could set a course and stick on it -- like Charles Lindburgh used. Problem was, this was not ideal for airplanes because on different parts of the globe, the Earth's field is different, and their are great big curving fields, etc.

Hendershot was looking to "tweak" things for a more accurate measurement.
There is a little generator in these induction compasses to MOVE THE NEEDLE. This is lower-power stuff. So how do you get more power?

I'm sure he reasoned that you can either have a moving coil in a stationary magnetic field (to induce current), or you can have a moving magnetic field near a stationary coil. This is a rather obvious relativity idea.

Wouldn't it be cool, if you could easily create MOVING MAGNETIC FIELDS, and just have your coils sitting their making power. There is NO MECHANICAL WEAR. NO INTERTIA? A Rotor in a wind generator has horrible FRICTION ... and wear ... and must physically spin up .. and is slow... etc.
Magnetic fields, on the other hand, are invisible and are only affected by nearby massive objects or other fields, etc.
So the geometric challenge and electrical engineering challenge here is to architect a geometric field that spins or wiggles NEAR a coil.

So now we look at Hendrshots interesting horseshoe magnet - SLASH - RELAY - SLASH -- CLAPPER -- SLASH -- WATCH-YOU-MA-CALL-IT.
What is that thing?

A horseshoe magnet BENDS a magnet so that NORTH and SOUTH faces can be presenting to the same side.
Let us say that the LEFT side is NORTH and the RIGHT side is SOUTH.
If you put a coil opposite the NORTH and another opposite the SOUTH,
you could induce in those coils an opposing or attracting force.
With that device you can further BEND the natural magnets fields
OUT to the side of the magnet and not at the face.
You can further enhance this effect by putting metal BAR in-between
this arrangement.

Now if you had larger PICK-UP coils for generation that were on the sides of the magnet, you could induce a PUSH-PULL -- WIGGLING magnetic field near these coils and make them oscillate, inducing current ... brought back over to push and pull against your natural horseshoe magnet.

This system, you would think, when left in a faraday cage, and left to quiet down, would not oscillate ... because nothing is shaking it.
I think that is probably true.

So I suspect that Hendershot has made an oscillator that has LARGE coils, all connected in series to boost "L" -- the inductance -- up to a large value. You also have to use larger gauge wire so that resistance is low. You have to be very clever mechanically.

What a great hobby.

[ChrisW]

A guy can't change his mind?

Greetings, Graham...

"As to how C1 gets charged: TWO ways, now that I think about it."

What, a guy can't change his mind around here?

Interesting article about the metal detectors, but I kept tripping over the phrase "very weak field" where an object (or person, for that matter) is "pinged" by a coil at a certain field strength to get it to precess, then the coil becomes the receiver to detect the very weak precession signal.

So you're saying the core is being rattled at the molecular level by the resonant field in L2+L3+L4, resulting in electron motion/charge separation in the capacitor, which is then transferred to L1, right?

Seems to me that's pretty much what I described quite a while ago, minus the NMR portion of it, and if at NMR a material emits a WEAK signal, it seems like a lot of trouble to go through to obtain it, unless you can somehow REALLY rattle the hell out of the core to obtain a STRONG signal, in which case it WOULD be worthwhile.

NMR in a 6" diameter, 3" tall coil? REALLY?

I'm not saying Lester DIDN'T manage to do precisely what you're suggesting (unwittingly, of course), but I have to remind myself that his work was performed between the late 1920s and early 1950s. Given the REALLY simple materials of the time, in the hands of a patient, highly observant and creative individual, well, let's face it: he did it! Without semi-conductors, oscilloscopes, DVMs and all the other fancy tools we have in our modern-day world.

Lawrence Rayburn once said (paraphrasing) that we (collectively, who are involved in FE research) spend too much time thinking and analyzing, and not enough time cutting and trying. You know, I think the old guy was right! He once told me that one day he "saw" how the TREC worked, and he then went off and did it. After a whole lot of cutting, trying, tuning and tweaking, he was pulling down 14KW from an antenna connected to a whole lotta cleverly wound coils. Pretty damned impressive for a retired electrician and ham radio operator!

If what I'm seeing in my mind's eye is accurate -- and I'm pretty sure it is -- I think it's time for me to follow ol' Larry's advice. I'll be reporting findings and progress along the way.

Chris

[Dave45]

Hey GSM
Great bit on metal detectors I own a couple of minelabs great machines, I have been planning on winding some specific coils for it but havent got around to it yet.
Very interesting discussion.
Thanks

dave

[GSM]

Hi Graham,

Well, I just read the last line of your post: "What I suggest is that it is the capacitor foil which could transduce induced core emanations." Hmm. Didn't I just say that?

As for the 6MHz, look up the NMR frequency of iron -- mmm...maybe it's copper I'm thinking of... but that number seems to be stuck in my head for some reason, related to something I must have read at one time about ferromagnetic resonance.

Chris

No. You wrote -
"My sense of it is that C1 is being charged SOLELY by L2's E field."

Geotech - Technology for Treasure Hunting
What I am suggesting is down to oscillated domains of magnetically induced electron precessions plus induced spin orbit changes to atomic relationships within the molecular body of the core; these radiating directly into the insulated long aluminium strip, which develops electron charge that is synchronously dielectrically alternated between C1/2 terminals into L1 windings.
Not from L2 E field, but from a resonantly phased L2+3+4 longitudinal spin wave induced within the core.

Cheers .......... Graham.

[ChrisW]

"There's plenty, you know!"

Hi Graham,

You can also find steel shim stock (which IS magnetic) in many widths, lengths and thicknesses. To quote Eddie Murphy in the film "Coming to America'" "There's plenty, you know!"

Hmm! Hadn't considered silver soldering, though I suspect it'd take some substantial heat to do it on steel.

So, you don't think the L1/C1 + L2 form a resonant circuit? I'll bet they do! Consider: a basket weave coil is going to have a REALLY sharp resonance point. Getting TWO of them to resonate at the SAME frequency would VERY difficult (especially without a variable cap for tuning), so it makes perfect sense that Lester would have to hand-tweak the coils.

As to how C1 gets charged: TWO ways, now that I think about it. First is through inductance via L1 (albeit at a pretty low voltage and current level), but also by L2's E-field! I did thing quick experiment a year or so ago: I took a PVC coil form, wrapped it first with a non-shorting length of copper foil, over that some paper, then over that, a hundred or so turns of magnet wire. I connected the coil to my signal generator, put my scope ground on the SG's ground, and the scope probe on the copper foil. Voila! That signal appeared on the copper foil, sharp and clear. Now this is undoubtedly not enough evidence to say that C1 would get a REAL charge this way, but it does seem to comport with Daniel McFarland Cook's phase-flipped "transformers" and some of the coil/capacitor hybrids that have been researched here and on other fora. It gives me every reason to believe that there's something to the concept that bears further investigation.

Well, I just read the last line of your post: "What I suggest is that it is the capacitor foil which could transduce induced core emanations." Hmm. Didn't I just say that?

As for the 6MHz, look up the NMR frequency of iron -- mmm...maybe it's copper I'm thinking of... but that number seems to be stuck in my head for some reason, related to something I must have read at one time about ferromagnetic resonance.

I've never quite wrapped my mind around the "virtual ground" idea. I know Dollard has talked about it, maybe you or someone here could expound on this a bit. It makes me think it's somehow highly frequency-dependent.

Chris

[GSM]

Hi Chris,

I never realised that stainless steel was available so readily.
I guess near to 32 thou would be 0.7 and 0.9mm sheet.
stainless steel sheet plate 100mm x 100mm x 3mm 304 2b finish items in inspiredsteel store on eBay!
Also silver solder for joining stainless steel is readily available, and not expensive either.
Silver solder is the cool way to join stainless steel without changing its homogenuity (magnetic characteristics).
Shorted turn or not, it would not be difficult to try both.

L2 is part of the power circuit and not 'doing' the tuning. Tuning is related to L1 and C1 - as adjusted by Lester using tiny compression clamps.

Re your vision of C1 charging; I would ask "how?"
C1 foils run against a common foil, and are not connected to anything else.
Also their closeness of proximity causes a (shunting) RF impedance much lower than would be the case with a field energisable coil winding.

What I suggest is that it is the capacitor foil which could transduce induced core emanations, and I'm not sure where that 6MHz figure comes from.

Cheers ............ Graham.

[ChrisW]

Yikes!

Jesus Christ, Graham, it's taking me longer and longer to absorb and understand your posts. Either I'm an idiot or you've become an academician on me. Yikes!

Don't misunderstand, I love where you're going with all of this. It's brilliant! It's just that I tend to adhere to Einstein's philosophy, to paraphrase, it shouldn't require ten thousand words to explain a simple concept!

Okay, so let's tear apart your last post so that I can wrap my feeble mind around it:

1. You're saying 32/1000" (.032") stainless steel sleeve. I think I suggested 2/1000" (.002") garden variety (non-stainless). First of all, you're not going to "solder" either one, nor are you going to weld them. You might be able to braze it into a tubular shape. Yes, I'm being rather picky with terminology, but there are distinct differences in all three techniques (welding, brazing and soldering) and simply wish to avoid confusion.

As for the material thickness, IMHO, the thinner the better, since there's less matter involved to become magnetized, hence a speedier magnetization rate, and likely less current required to achieve magnetization. Am I right on this?

As for the "tube" being "solid" (shorted turn) or having a gap or slit down the side, I would intuitively vote for the latter, but perhaps we should discuss the pros and cons of both techniques.

2. Operating frequency vs. 500 KHz. As I recall, the story was that Lester could intuitively peel off the proper amount of wire from a reel for a desired frequency, in one case, this being 500KHz (which would seem to imply that Lester knew a thing or two about radio!) I don't have the numbers in front of me at the moment, but perhaps we should examine the wire length of L2, since its resonant frequency will be determined by that length (in an air core coil, anyway).

3. Hand wound C1. Ah, here's the biggie! First, the salient points: A) Yes, the material was aluminum, chemically treated to cause surface pitting, thus creating a larger surface area and thus a higher capitance; B) In response to "The long and not-connected strip of C1 was wound directly against the stainless steel core though separated by paper insulation." Graham! Really? If there were a paper sheet separating the stainless steel from the aluminum strip, then the two were NOT in physical contact! Let's look at this another way.

Current flows through L2 by which we establish its electric and magnetic field components. My sense of it is that C1 is being charged SOLELY by L2's E field. With C1 charged, L1/C1 can now "push back" (as a current source) through L2. In other words, it's keeping the swing moving at "no charge" (pardon the bad pun!)

NMR? Hmm. Maybe, but I thought iron's NMR was up around 6MHz. Even harmonically, that's a helluva long way up the chain.

Now here's a kick in the pants for you. I seem to recall that both Searl AND Otis T. Carr used stand-alone LC circuits in their EM/ES craft. In other words, an L and a C connected in parallel with no electrical connection to any further circuitry -- but with a definite magnetic connection via anther coil. Wild, eh? It appears that this method was devised LONG before you and I came on the scene!

Damn, if Project Pegasus was real and still exists today, I want to go back in time and meet these guys!

So yes, it would seem we're on the right track. I say the next step is some experimenting...

Chris

PS. Looks like somebody gave this thread a 5-star rating... cool

[GSM]

Going through my notes;

The core - 32 thou stainless steel sheet, likely capable of attracting a magnet, cut to size suitable for making the sleeve core, and with a silver soldered seam ?
If soldered then the core was definitely a shorted turn, and if soldered why would the core look as if it had a taped join in a couple of photographs.
Mark Hendershots own construction does not even show a core, and there is no way one of these generators could operate without one.

Many folk mention 500kHz related to Lester's capabilities, or said to be the generator's frequency of operation just below the broadcast band, however I cannot see anything in this circuit capable of resonating circa 500kHz, whether naturally, or via tuning.
L1 was measured at 120uH. During energised operation this figure might well be greater and so when tuned with the hand made 7,800pF capacitor could be tuning around 100 to 120kHz (below the European LW band), or lower.
Around this frequency might turn out to be a second harmonic to the first phonic longitudinal resonance of the core, and thus tie in with Lester's coil winding arrangements whereby L1 and L2 are over one half of the core, whilst the phase transforming coils L3 and L4 are over the other; these pairings separated by the harmonic vibration mode null.

C1 - why hand make this component, for at RF it must posses a decidedly low Q, and thus better be replaced by the much higher quality standard components already available in radio shops ?
The long and not-connected strip of C1 was wound directly against the stainless steel core though separated by paper insulation. The strips of this capacitor are aluminium, a common metal which releases electron charge when impinged upon by emanations from atomic modification and energetic EM radiation; thus yet more reason to consider either fully rotational orbit spin of sleeve core electrons, or NMR induced within core !
Excess electron charge actively induced within the long strip would also be alternated between the C1 terminals and thereafter across L1 under the directing influence of the cylindrical magnetic field alternating longitudinally with respect to the core's outer circumference. Thus correctly phased connections would be essential between C1 and L1, for this might well prove to be THE potential source of RF field regeneration, and thus electrical output !

Remember folks you read these aspects here first, and as of today already having prior Worldwide publication, so the scum First to File Patent scammers will no longer be able to claim commercial originality and novelty - for truly - these have always belonged to the so long ago reported sole inventor - Lester Hendershot.

Cheers ............... Graham.

[GSM]

Graham,

Rather than the "two people in a bathtub" approach, I think it's better expressed as two children on a see-saw. This implies a 180 degree phase difference at the L2 coils; while one is at its peak, the other is at its trough, and vice versa. It follows that the resonant frequency of the two coils must be very nearly identical, with only the most minute phase shifting permissible. Further, the L1/C1 pairs become the "children," if you will, to "push back" at the right time in order to maintain the oscillation.

Chris

The axial field within a core is 180 degrees out of phase with the tubular field outside of the windings, and the current within the wire is 90 degrees shifted with respect to either field at resonance.

The fields of these assemblies would be considerable with circa 100V being generated, and I am open to a see-sawing of energy, but not via a carrier frequency difference between the cores/ windings, because their fields are so closely situated they would have unavoidably high mutual coupling.

Can anyone else help out here ?

So my thoughts run to either sidebands or a circular interaction, with the 90 degree lead of one coil output referenced against a system virtual balanced zero point, driving the load against a 90 degree zero referenced lag from the other coil, and vice-versa via normal field alternation, with the cyclic core loading of both assemblies at 0 and 180 degrees being minimal so that both the coherent and sequential regeneration of oscillation and output can continue ?

I am short of time - notes made to add, but wanted to reply to your post Chris, and keep the brainstorming from flat-lining.

Cheers ......... Graham.

[ChrisW]

Life's little frustrations

Graham,

I have also had my share of editing glitches. Hopefully the people at Jelsoft are aware of these problems. I hope you were able to regain your thoughts, I'm anxiously awaiting to read them. For such deep posts, I might suggest using Notepad or other plain text editor as the primary tool, followed by a copy and paste of your text into this forum's editor. If "feces occurs," at least your work is preserved in Notepad.

I wish to make a correction to my earlier analogue of the Hendershot device. Rather than the "two people in a bathtub" approach, I think it's better expressed as two children on a see-saw. This implies a 180 degree phase difference at the L2 coils; while one is at its peak, the other is at its trough, and vice versa. It follows that the resonant frequency of the two coils must be very nearly identical, with only the most minute phase shifting permissible. Further, the L1/C1 pairs become the "children," if you will, to "push back" at the right time in order to maintain the oscillation.

I'm still "processing" the notion that a near 60Hz carrier wave is being modulated at the L2 resonant frequency. How that 60Hz is being generated is somewhat of a mystery given the small inductance and capacitance values being used. The "buzzer" seems to be the only point at which such a low frequency can be generated, and then the question becomes, is it really a sine wave, or some "spikey" looking waveform due to the mechanical make-and-break nature of the thing? More questions....

I do agree with you about Aho's commentary, albeit with some reservation, since consciousness *IS* the true "final frontier." However, I won't digress into that discussion on this thread, as it's vitally important to stay on topic and highly focused on the task at hand.

More to come....
Chris

[GSM]

This is thread related to Edison etheric force.

Before you dismiss Edison discovery read carefully what he published as a response to critics. I found it startling, almost thought he lied us.What if not ?

Read the text from picture. More interesting details can be found in Edison papers but it's hard to decode handwritten text.

Everything in our world is of electromagnetic form and relationship = atomic/ electron relationships.
Combustion is an electromagnetic reaction, explainable via the language of Chemistry, but also via atomic Physics where molecular changes accompany entropy change with electron separations or combination and/or ion/ plasma generation.
Edison is so correct in his statement that only electricity (electrons) could be involved, but electrons are of matter, NOT an imaginary aether.

Cheers .......... Graham.

[GSM]

Wtf

I have just lost a lengthy and detailed post here.

I must quickly make written notes and repeat later.

This has happened to me before via this forum ?????

[GSM]

Thanks for the links Boguslaw. I will study these next.

I've checked out earlier links but found nothing similar to Hendershot's work.
No other devices had phased windings over a core capable of generating a longitudinal phonic (domain matter) oscillation within that core.

Such a standing longitudinal wave would be capable of vibrating magnetic domains (electron spin orbit alignments) beneath L2 in a manner beyond the simple electron precession of a normally induced L2 alternating field, thus into a transducible magnetic spin field, or limited NMR ?

I note from the Aho link I added that the generator output was circa 60Hz, though whether plain AC or a modulated carrier is not stated. Also I don't accept Aho's words about the manner in which he suggested the capacitors were working - too esoteric and lacking in fundamental detail.

As long as we search for the aetherial which commercially funded 'experts' claim exists - then we will never succeed.

Cheers ............. Graham.