* * The Universe from Nothing: T=0K. / by*Israel Socratus /

[socratus]

Outline of Zero Vacuum: T=0K
----
1 - The speed of light in the vacuum c=1
We cannot reach this speed, but it exist.
2 - Low Temperature Lab, Helsinki University of Technology.
"The record-low temperature was reached in a piece of
rhodium metal, which was cooled to 100 pK, or
0.000 000 000 1 degrees above the absolute zero.
The absolute zero is the limit of all temperatures,
-273.15 °C, a temperature one can never reach.
https://hypertextbook.com/facts/2001/NehemieCange.shtml
We cannot reach T=0K, but we can understand it structure
#
1 - The thermodynamics of ''Ideal Gas'' explains the structure of T=0K
2 - In T=0K quantum particles in the state of Bose–Einstein condensate
3 - Quantum electrodynamics explains the Entropy of Bose–Einstein condensate
===

[socratus]

“The laws of physics as we understand them make
it eminently plausible that our universe arose from nothing –
– no space, no time, no particles, nothing that we now know of.”
/ Lawrence Krauss /
BBC - Earth - Why is there something rather than nothing?
====

[socratus]

CMBR - Origins
The universe began 13.8 billion years ago, and the CMBR
dates back to about 400,000 years after the Big Bang.
/ the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physics./
===
Going backward in time is possible to reconstruct two scenario.
Modern astrophysicists say:
According to cosmological calculations the universe began
13.8 billion years ago from very hot state and this fact
was attested by CMBR.
(in the future the CMBR would go down to zero and then . . . )
Alternative scenario.
Going backward in time from the CMBR the temperature
was dropped to zero. From zero (T=0K) the Universe was started.
Attestations:
a) according to Thermodynamics, ''Entropy'' would change
the equilibrium zero state.
b) according to Quantum Theory, quantum fluctuations
would destroyed the equilibrium zero state.
Conclusion
Sooner or later astrophysicists view would come
to alternative scenario ( T=0K )
=======

[socratus]

Dark Energy = Cosmic Zero Vacuum
===
1 - Dark energy is an essential part of cosmology today
2 - Dark energy is just pure energy
3 - In the early state of universe's evolution Dark energy
was dominated
4 - Dark energy is not relative, it is constant structure / stuff . . .
5 - Dark energy permeates the universe
6 - Dark energy distribution is always smooth
7 - Dark energy does not become more dilute when
the universe expands
8 - Dark energy exists even if no actual particles or other
stuff is around
9 - Dark energy is not carried by particles or matter
10 - The density (cosmological constant) of Dark energy is very low
11 - The density of Dark energy is the same everywhere, remains
the same over time (it can be no denser in one region than another)
12 - Dark energy is very different from dark matter, which
collects into objects and will be denser in some place
than in others
#
My opinion
All these proportions have the Cosmic Zero Vacuum (T=0K)
=======
REFERENCE
Book: Dark matter and the Dinosaurs
by Lisa Randall
=====

P. S.
Dark Energy May Be Vacuum
Date:
January 16, 2007
Source:
University of Copenhagen
https://www.sciencedaily.com/release...0116130456.htm
#
https://www.iflscience.com/space/dar...g-dark-matter/
==============

[socratus]

Dark Energy = Cosmic Zero Vacuum
===
1 - Dark energy is an essential part of cosmology today
2 - Dark energy is just pure energy
3 - In the early state of universe's evolution Dark energy
was dominated
4 - Dark energy is not relative, it is constant structure / stuff . . .
5 - Dark energy permeates the universe
6 - Dark energy distribution is always smooth
7 - Dark energy does not become more dilute when
the universe expands
8 - Dark energy exists even if no actual particles or other
stuff is around
9 - Dark energy is not carried by particles or matter
10 - The density (cosmological constant) of Dark energy is very low
11 - The density of Dark energy is the same everywhere, remains
the same over time (it can be no denser in one region than another)
12 - Dark energy is very different from dark matter, which
collects into objects and will be denser in some place
than in others
#
My opinion
All these proportions have the Cosmic Zero Vacuum (T=0K)
=======
REFERENCE
Book: Dark matter and the Dinosaurs
by Lisa Randall
=====

Another hidden scenario of Zero Vacuum
====
Book: '' Stephan Hawking, A life in science,''
/ by Michael White and John Gribbin./
#
''Together with Brandon Carter and Jim Bardeen, Hawking
wrote a paper, published in Communications in Mathematical
Physics , pointing out . . . . . the team commented,
'' In fact the effective temperature of a black hole is
absolute zero . . . . No radiation could be emitted from the hole.''
/ page 156./
But later (!) , . . using concept of entropy and
Heisenberg uncertainty principle and quantum fluctuations (!)
Hawking changed his mind and wrote that black hole can emit
( Hawking radiation )
#
So, in the beginning (according to calculations) the ''black hole''
had absolute zero temperature T=0K but . . . thanks to entropy,
HUP and quantum fluctuations (Hawking radiations) was arisen.
In others words:
''black holes'' are micro- scheme of absolute zero vacuum: T=0K
''black hole'' is only another name of the ''true vacuum'' : T=0K
=========
P.S.
1 - A black hole has a temperature within a few
millionths of a degree above absolute zero: T=0K
/ Oxford. Dictionary./
2 - A stellar black hole of one solar mass has a Hawking
temperature of about 100 nanokelvins. This is far less
than the 2.7 K temperature of the cosmic microwave background
Black hole - Wikipedia
3 - ''Previous Picture of the Day articles about black holes
suggested that the terminology used to describe
“gravitational point sources” is highly speculative: space/time,
singularities, and infinite density are abstract concepts,
precluding a realistic investigation into the nature of the Universe.''
/ Black hole theory contradicts itself, by Stephen Smith. Oct 12, 2011 /
========

[socratus]

Dark Energy = Cosmic Zero Vacuum
===
1 - Dark energy is an essential part of cosmology today
2 - Dark energy is just pure energy
3 - In the early state of universe's evolution Dark energy
was dominated
4 - Dark energy is not relative, it is constant structure / stuff . . .
5 - Dark energy permeates the universe
6 - Dark energy distribution is always smooth
7 - Dark energy does not become more dilute when
the universe expands
8 - Dark energy exists even if no actual particles or other
stuff is around
9 - Dark energy is not carried by particles or matter
10 - The density (cosmological constant) of Dark energy is very low
11 - The density of Dark energy is the same everywhere, remains
the same over time (it can be no denser in one region than another)
12 - Dark energy is very different from dark matter, which
collects into objects and will be denser in some place
than in others
#
My opinion
All these proportions have the Cosmic Zero Vacuum (T=0K)
=======
REFERENCE
Book: Dark matter and the Dinosaurs
by Lisa Randall
=====

[socratus]

1 - Dirac's theory* has reference frame of vacuum
and therefore (-E=Mc^2)
2 - Einstein's SRT postulate has reference frame
of vacuum and therefore speed is ( c=1)
3 - Theory of Ideal gas has reference frame of vacuum
but theoretical quantum physics* ignores this framework.
========

The theory of ideal gas is not an ''abstract theory'' or
only ''useful as a simple approximation''
It is useful as Real theory about situation in the Vacuum.
The quantum particles have their source in the Vacuum.
The real particles appear from Vacuum.
(Casimir effect, Lamb shift, vacuum's fluctuation . . ..etc)
#
To understand itself, Quantum physics must be united
with Thermodynamics of Ideal gas
(this is a missed idea in modern physics)
========

[socratus]

Zero Vacuum's Quantum Particle
===
1 - According to the Theory of Ideal gas the
quantum particle has Boltzmann's molar-mass (k)
2 - According to the Charle’s law this molar-mass (k)
particle has a flat geometrical form.
3 - According to the Quantum Theory the quantum
particle has Dirac's negative energy ( -E=Mc^2)
4 - According to Einstein's SRT the quantum
particle can fly with constant speed ( c=1 )
5 - According to the Uhlenbeck and Goudsmit
quantum particle has an angular momentum
=======

1 - Dirac's theory* has reference frame of vacuum
and therefore (-E=Mc^2)
2 - Einstein's SRT postulate has reference frame
of vacuum and therefore speed is ( c=1)
3 - Theory of Ideal gas has reference frame of vacuum
but theoretical quantum physics* ignores this framework.
========

[socratus]

Zero Vacuum's Quantum Particle
===
1 - According to the Theory of Ideal gas the
quantum particle has Boltzmann's molar-mass (k)
2 - According to the Charle’s law this molar-mass (k)
particle has a flat geometrical form.
3 - According to the Quantum Theory the quantum
particle has Dirac's negative energy ( -E=Mc^2)
4 - According to Einstein's SRT the quantum
particle can fly with constant speed ( c=1 )
5 - According to the Uhlenbeck and Goudsmit
quantum particle has an angular momentum
=======

[socratus]

Earth space is almost ''empty''
but it is a big theater stage on which the events take place

Atom's space is almost ''empty''
But it is fulled with electric / nuclear force

Cosmic space is almost ''empty''
but it has enormous matter / stuff

Vacuum space is almost ''empty''
but ''virtual particles'' exist there, which have possibility
to effect ''normal-matter''.
#
Don't ignore ''Emptiness''
Every emptiness has something important.
====

Tao Te Ching Chapter 11 (written in 500 BC )

"Thirty spokes surround one nave,
the usefulness of the wheel is always in that empty innermost.
You fashion clay to make a bowl,
the usefulness of the bowl is always in that empty innermost.
You cut out doors and windows to make a house,
their usefulness to a house is always in their empty space.
Therefore profit comes from external form,
but usefulness comes from the empty innermost."
- Translated by Isabella Mears, 1916,
=====

[socratus]

Earth space is almost ''empty''
but it is a big theater stage on which the events take place

Atom's space is almost ''empty''
But it is fulled with electric / nuclear force

Cosmic space is almost ''empty''
but it has enormous matter / stuff

Vacuum space is almost ''empty''
but ''virtual particles'' exist there, which have possibility
to effect ''normal-matter''.
#
Don't ignore ''Emptiness''
Every emptiness has something important.
====

[socratus]

Sunday, January 27, 2019
New Scientist creates a Crisis-Anticrisis Pair
==
“There are people who think that, using just the power of our minds,
we can understand what dark matter is, what quantum gravity is,”
says Arvanitaki.
“That’s not true. The only way forward is to have experiment
and theory move in unison.”

'' . . .* if you play by everybody else’s rules,
you will make the same mistakes.

If you want to make a difference, you must be willing to accept
that people ridicule you, criticize you, and shun you.
Turok wasn’t prepared for any of this.
It had not even crossed his mind. ''

Posted by Sabine Hossenfelder
Backreaction: New Scientist creates a Crisis-Anticrisis Pair
======

[socratus]

True Facts About Cosmology (or, Misconceptions Skewered)
Posted on January 12, 2019 by Sean Carroll

. . . some true facts about cosmology that might serve as a useful corrective.

True Facts About Cosmology (or, Misconceptions Skewered) | Sean Carroll
===

[socratus]

Zero-point energy in Classical and Quantum theories.
===
Zero-point energy (ZPE) is the difference between the lowest
possible energy that a quantum mechanical system may have,
and the classical minimum energy of the system.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-point_energy

a)* quantum mechanical system
b)* classical mechanical system

Two different systems.
#
Unlike in classical mechanics, quantum systems constantly fluctuate
in their lowest energy state due to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-point_energy

a) Atoms of ''classical mechanics'' at 0-K* (-273°C ) are totally devoid
of kinetic energy and cannot fluctuate or move.
b) Quantum particles at 0°KELVIN* have movements and vibrations .

Two different objects.
=====

[socratus]

Universe Temperature = 0°KELVIN (-273°C / -459°F)
Should 0°Kelvin Temperature be Considered
a Universal Force To do Work?
Zero Kelvin Theory
=====

4. This inefficient assumption, now proposes a modern
explanation to better understand the forces of nature.
Perhaps the negative force of Kelvin temperature has
not been fully explored.
This creates new theoretical ideas to explain: why extreme
cold temperatures emit negative force, which create
unexplained phenomena through density effects.
It also allows us to conclude, Kelvin temperature still
remains partly incomplete: for reasons that we assume,
most of the Universe to be dark and empty space.
Zero Kelvin Theory
=====