Hi Fleubis,

No system over 1.0 COP can have the loop closed. Doing so forces it to become a closed system and the extra efficiency is lost by making the output dependend on the input.

On this 2 stage oscillator, the output is NOT directly connected to the input...only indirectly...stop the output and the pendulum keeps swinging. Partly from the pendulum's momentum and also from gravity.

On a gas engine in a car, plug the tailpipe and it will stall the engine. This is because a closed system's output is proportionately dependent on the input.

For example, in Bedini's battery charging circuits, you can get extra work from the output batteries as long as the loop stays open. Like taking a cup and scooping water from a running river. If you jam the end of the river to the input of the river, you close it off and the water will come into equilibrium and stop and all the extra is gone.

However, in the Bedini circuits for example, when the input battery goes down, you can take a battery on the output and replace the input battery. This will work but the system has to be kept open. If you jam the output to input, it closes the loop and kills the effect.

All over 1.0 COP systems must remain open loop. Any "overunity" system that is closed loop is either a fraud or is not totally closed.

For example and auto engine is a closed system, but the car running down the highway is open with the environment meaning the air can push the car along or impede it...so 2 systems one inside the other that has to be taken into consideration.

Milkovic is working on ways to take work from the output and put it to the input while keeping it an open system. I don't know the details but it is in the works.

The term overunity has normally meant a system that is over 100% efficient. There is no system that is over 100% efficient. There is over 1.0 COP and in my opinion, an overunity system is a system that is over 1.0 COP (operator input is less compared to more output) and NOT over 100% efficient (total input compared to total output).